1.Reading Passage:
The idea of abolishing the U.S. Department of Education has been debated for years. Opponents argue that eliminating the department would lead to a decline in education quality nationwide. First, they claim that without federal oversight, states may set inconsistent educational standards, leading to disparities in learning outcomes. Second, they argue that federal funding ensures equal opportunities, especially for low-income students, and abolishing the department would harm underprivileged communities. Third, they believe that national policies help maintain accountability, and without them, schools may neglect crucial subjects like science and mathematics.

1.Listening Passage (Lecture Summary):
A proponent of abolishing the Education Department disagrees with these points. First, he argues that states should have the autonomy to design their own education policies, allowing for more innovation and flexibility rather than one-size-fits-all federal mandates. Second, he contends that federal funding is inefficient and that local governments could allocate resources more effectively based on community needs. Finally, he believes that accountability should be handled by parents and local school boards rather than distant federal officials, who may be out of touch with real classroom issues.

1.Question Prompt:
Summarize the points made in the lecture, explaining how the speaker challenges the ideas presented in the reading passage.

2.Reading Passage:
Some political analysts argue that the U.S. is shifting toward autocracy due to increasing executive power and weakening democratic institutions. First, they claim that presidents have been expanding their authority through executive orders, bypassing Congress and undermining the system of checks and balances. Second, they argue that political polarization and misinformation weaken public trust in elections, making it easier for leaders to consolidate power. Third, they believe that restrictions on press freedom and attacks on independent journalism indicate a move away from democratic values.

2.Listening Passage (Lecture Summary):
A political expert challenges these concerns, arguing that the U.S. remains fundamentally democratic. First, he points out that executive orders are part of the president’s constitutional power and are often reversed by later administrations, preventing long-term overreach. Second, he argues that political divisions are not new, and the strength of U.S. institutions—such as the courts and Congress—prevents any one leader from seizing absolute control. Finally, he contends that the press remains free and influential, as critical reporting and investigative journalism continue to shape public opinion and hold leaders accountable.

2.Question Prompt:
Summarize the points made in the lecture, explaining how the speaker challenges the ideas presented in the reading passage.